The Khmu (also spelled Kmhmu or Khamu) are an Austroasiatic indigenous people living primarily in northern Laos, where they are the largest ethnic minority (representing about 11% of the population). They are considered the original inhabitants of the region, predating the arrival of the Tai-Lao peoples.
The Geographic Distribution of Khmu is mainly in Laos (over 700,000 people) residing in northern provinces such as Luang Prabang and Xieng Khouang. There are significant communities in Vietnam (officially recognized as Khơ Mú), Thailand, China (Yunnan province).
Language: They speak Khmu, which belongs to the Mon-Khmer family. It is a language rich in dialects, though they are generally mutually intelligible.
Agriculture: They traditionally practice subsistence farming, specifically upland dry rice cultivation. They are also experts in hunting, fishing, and bamboo/rattan craftsmanship.
Social Structure: Their society is organized into patrilineal clans often named after animal or plant totems (such as the wild boar or eagle), which clan members are forbidden to eat or harm.
Animism: The majority follow deeply rooted animist beliefs. They believe in hrooy (spirits) that inhabit nature, houses, and villages.
Ancestor Worship: Respect for ancestral spirits is key to maintaining family harmony and health.
Christianity and Buddhism: In recent decades, many Khmu in Laos have converted to Christianity, becoming one of the most active Christian groups in the country. In other areas, particularly Thailand, their beliefs often blend with Buddhism.
Photo Gallery: © Emili Bayona / Laos - 2025
Extended info about Khmu People