The Afghan Pashtuns (historically referred to as Afghans) are the largest ethnolinguistic group in the country, accounting for 42% to 47% of the total population (approximately 18–26 million people based on 2025–2026 estimates). They primarily inhabit southern and eastern Afghanistan and form the main base of the Taliban movement.
Pashtunwali: They are guided by an ancient, unwritten code of honor. Its pillars include hospitality (Melmastia), revenge or justice (Badal), and the right to asylum or refuge (Nanawatay).
Tribalism: They are the largest segmented tribal society in the world, with over 350–400 tribes and numerous sub-clans.
Language: They speak Pashto (official since 1936), an Eastern Iranian language with various regional dialects.
Sunni Islam: The vast majority are Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school.
Political Dominance: Historically, they have been the founders and rulers of the Afghan state. Currently, the Taliban government is dominated by hardline Pashtun members, which has created tensions with other ethnic minorities (such as Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks) calling for a more inclusive government.
Photo Gallery: © Jordi Zaragozà Anglès / Afghanistan 2023-2025
Extended info about Pashtun People